// Lesson 1 · Section 4 — Komorebi & Tsundoku const L1S4_DATA = { meta: { lesson: "Lesson 1", title: "Lost in Translation", section: "Section 4", subtitle: "Komorebi & Tsundoku", }, passage: [ "Before concluding my talk, let me share with you a couple of Japanese words which I find really interesting.", "Imagine that you are strolling in a park on a bright summer day. You breathe in the fresh air; you are looking up at the trees; you see the sunlight filtering through the leaves. How do you describe this kind of sunlight? Komorebi. I find this fascinating.", "I buy lots of books. People ask, \"Have you read all those books?\" Of course not! I often leave books unread. I just pile them up without reading them. Japanese has a word to describe this kind of \"reading\": tsundoku! I love it.", "As speakers of Japanese, you may not find these words unique. Yet, non-native speakers of Japanese often find them unique to Japan.", "Learning English is not just about words and rules. It can allow us to see the world in different ways.", "Lastly, may I give you a small piece of advice? Translation is sometimes used to make sure you have understood the English text you are reading, but remember that there might be something lost in translation.", ], summary: [ "Before concluding the talk, the writer introduces two interesting Japanese words. \"Komorebi\" describes the sunlight that filters through the leaves of trees when you stroll in a park, and the writer finds it fascinating.", "\"Tsundoku\" describes the habit of buying books and piling them up without reading them. The writer says he loves the word, because it captures a familiar feeling in one short Japanese expression.", "Japanese speakers may not feel these words are special, but non-native speakers often find them unique to Japan. Learning English is not only about words and rules — it allows us to see the world in different ways.", "Finally, the writer gives a small piece of advice: translation can help us check our understanding, but we should remember that something is sometimes lost in translation.", ], listening: { dictation: { title: "Dictation", instruction: "音声を聞いて、聞こえた文を書き取りましょう。全4文。", items: [ { audioLabel: "Track 1", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s4_dict_1) || "audio/s4_dict_1.mp3", answer: "I would like to conclude my speech today." }, { audioLabel: "Track 2", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s4_dict_2) || "audio/s4_dict_2.mp3", answer: "The girl breathed in the fresh air slowly." }, { audioLabel: "Track 3", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s4_dict_3) || "audio/s4_dict_3.mp3", answer: "Many non-native speakers use English daily." }, { audioLabel: "Track 4", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s4_dict_4) || "audio/s4_dict_4.mp3", answer: "Learning history allows us to see the world." }, ], }, cloze: { title: "Listen & Fill in the Blanks", instruction: "音声を聞いて、空欄に入る語を書き入れよう。", script: [ { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s4_cloze_1) || "audio/s4_cloze_1.mp3", parts: ["We ", " around the ", " after lunch."], answers: ["strolled", "town"] }, { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s4_cloze_2) || "audio/s4_cloze_2.mp3", parts: ["Light ", " through the ", " beautifully."], answers: ["filtered", "windows"] }, { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s4_cloze_3) || "audio/s4_cloze_3.mp3", parts: ["Dirty dishes were ", " up in the ", "."], answers: ["piled", "sink"] }, { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s4_cloze_4) || "audio/s4_cloze_4.mp3", parts: ["", ", please ", " everything is ready."], answers: ["Lastly", "make sure"] }, ], }, }, readingMCQ: [ { q: "What does \"komorebi\" describe according to the writer?", choices: [ "Sunlight reflecting off water in summer.", "Sunlight that filters through the leaves of trees.", "The bright sunlight at noon in winter.", "The shadow of trees on the ground.", ], correct: 1, explain: "段落 2：\"the sunlight filtering through the leaves\"", }, { q: "Why does the writer use the word \"tsundoku\"?", choices: [ "To describe people who read many books quickly.", "To describe the habit of piling up books without reading them.", "To describe a special way of organizing a library.", "To describe a kind of bookstore in Japan.", ], correct: 1, explain: "段落 3：\"I just pile them up without reading them ... tsundoku!\"", }, { q: "How does the writer say native Japanese speakers feel about words like komorebi and tsundoku?", choices: [ "They feel proud of these unique words.", "They use them only in formal writing.", "They may not feel these words are special.", "They find them very difficult to use.", ], correct: 2, explain: "段落 4：\"you may not find these words unique.\"", }, { q: "According to the writer, what can learning English allow us to do?", choices: [ "Forget our own language.", "Memorize all English grammar rules.", "See the world in different ways.", "Travel abroad without difficulty.", ], correct: 2, explain: "段落 5：\"It can allow us to see the world in different ways.\"", }, { q: "What advice does the writer give at the end?", choices: [ "Never use translation when reading English.", "Translation is helpful, but remember that something might be lost in translation.", "Always translate every English word into Japanese.", "Only trust bilingual friends, not dictionaries.", ], correct: 1, explain: "最終段：\"there might be something lost in translation.\"", }, ], scanning: { instruction: "本文の中から、次の意味に合う語・句を探してスペルも正確に書きなさい。", items: [ { clue: "終える、結論を述べる", answer: "concluding" }, { clue: "散歩する、ぶらぶら歩く", answer: "strolling" }, { clue: "息を吸い込む", answer: "breathe in" }, { clue: "見上げる", answer: "looking up" }, { clue: "（光などが）通り抜ける", answer: "filtering" }, { clue: "～を積み上げる", answer: "pile them up" }, { clue: "ネイティブでない、非母語の", answer: "non-native" }, { clue: "～することを可能にする", answer: "allow" }, { clue: "最後に", answer: "Lastly" }, { clue: "～を確かめる", answer: "make sure" }, ], }, vocab: [ { w: "conclude", pos: "v.", jp: "結論を述べる、終える", ex: "I'd like to conclude my speech by thanking everyone." }, { w: "stroll", pos: "v.", jp: "散歩する、ぶらぶら歩く", ex: "After checking in, we strolled around the town." }, { w: "breathe", pos: "v.", jp: "呼吸する", ex: "The girl breathed deeply and started to sing." }, { w: "breathe in ~", pos: "—", jp: "～を吸い込む", ex: "I opened the window and breathed in the fresh air." }, { w: "look up", pos: "—", jp: "見上げる", ex: "The students looked up at the sky." }, { w: "filter", pos: "v.", jp: "ろ過する、漏れ入る", ex: "Light filters in through the cracks in the wall." }, { w: "filter through ~", pos: "—", jp: "～を通り抜ける", ex: "Light filtered through the windows." }, { w: "pile ~ up", pos: "—", jp: "～を積み上げる", ex: "Dirty dishes are piled up in the sink." }, { w: "non-native", pos: "a.", jp: "ネイティブでない、非母語の", ex: "Many non-native speakers use English daily." }, { w: "allow", pos: "v.", jp: "～することを可能にする、許す", ex: "Learning history allows us to understand the world." }, { w: "lastly", pos: "adv.", jp: "最後に", ex: "Lastly, let me talk about the plan for next year." }, { w: "a piece of ~", pos: "—", jp: "1つの～、ひとかけらの～", ex: "She told me an amazing piece of information." }, { w: "make sure ~", pos: "—", jp: "～を確かめる", ex: "He went upstairs to make sure the baby was asleep." }, ], vocabQuiz: [ { q: "conclude", choices: ["結論を述べる", "含める", "結ぶ", "繰り返す"], correct: 0 }, { q: "stroll", choices: ["走る", "ぶらぶら歩く", "苦しむ", "驚く"], correct: 1 }, { q: "breathe", choices: ["呼吸する", "育てる", "壊す", "ささやく"], correct: 0 }, { q: "filter", choices: ["反射する", "ろ過する・漏れ入る", "輝く", "閉じる"], correct: 1 }, { q: "pile ~ up", choices: ["～を片付ける", "～を積み上げる", "～を運ぶ", "～を捨てる"], correct: 1 }, { q: "non-native", choices: ["国際的な", "ネイティブでない", "海外の", "在留中の"], correct: 1 }, { q: "allow", choices: ["許す・可能にする", "拒む", "祝う", "案内する"], correct: 0 }, { q: "lastly", choices: ["最初に", "最後に", "最近", "ほとんど"], correct: 1 }, { q: "a piece of ~", choices: ["1つの～", "全ての～", "別の～", "新しい～"], correct: 0 }, { q: "make sure ~", choices: ["～を確かめる", "～を計画する", "～を予言する", "～を疑う"], correct: 0 }, ], grammar: { points: [ { form: "関係代名詞 which：「～する物・事」（先行詞 = 物・事）", meaning: "先行詞が物事のときに使う関係代名詞。目的格の which は省略可能。", examples: [ "Let me share with you a couple of Japanese words which I find really interesting.（とても面白いと思う日本語をいくつか共有します）※本文より", "This is the book which I bought yesterday.（これは私が昨日買った本だ）", "Japanese has a word which describes this kind of \"reading\": tsundoku.（こうした「読書」を表す語が日本語にはある）※本文より", ], }, { form: "allow + O + to do：「O が～することを許す／可能にする」", meaning: "S allow O to do の形。「O が～できるようにする」と訳すと自然になる。", examples: [ "It can allow us to see the world in different ways.（それは私たちが違った見方をできるようにしてくれる）※本文より", "My parents allowed me to go abroad.（両親は私が留学することを許してくれた）", "The new app allows you to study anytime.（その新しいアプリのおかげで君はいつでも勉強できる）", ], }, { form: "make sure (that) ~：「～を確かめる、必ず～する」", meaning: "後ろに that 節（that は省略可）。「念のために確認する」「絶対～する」のニュアンス。", examples: [ "Translation is sometimes used to make sure you have understood the English text.（翻訳は英文を理解できたか確かめるために使われることがある）※本文より", "Make sure the door is locked.（必ずドアの鍵を確認してね）", "Please make sure that everyone has a copy.（全員にコピーが行き渡っているか必ず確認してください）", ], }, ], exercises: [ { jp: "これは私が昨日読んだ本です。", choices: [ "This is the book what I read yesterday.", "This is the book which I read yesterday.", "This is the book who I read yesterday.", "This is the book where I read yesterday.", ], correct: 1, explain: "先行詞が物 (the book) なので関係代名詞 which。", }, { jp: "両親は私が一人で旅行することを許してくれた。", choices: [ "My parents allowed me travel alone.", "My parents allowed me to travel alone.", "My parents allowed I travel alone.", "My parents allowed that I travel alone.", ], correct: 1, explain: "allow + O + to do の形。", }, { jp: "必ず宿題を提出してください。", choices: [ "Make sure to submitting your homework.", "Make sure submit your homework.", "Make sure you submit your homework.", "Make sure for submit your homework.", ], correct: 2, explain: "make sure + (that) S V の形。to do も可能だが、選択肢では you submit が正解。", }, { jp: "そのアプリのおかげで、私たちはどこでも勉強できる。", choices: [ "The app allows us to study anywhere.", "The app allows we to study anywhere.", "The app allows us studying anywhere.", "The app allows for us study anywhere.", ], correct: 0, explain: "allow + O (us) + to do (to study)。", }, { jp: "彼女はとても親切な人で、皆に好かれている。", choices: [ "She is a very kind person who is loved by everyone.", "She is a very kind person which is loved by everyone.", "She is a very kind person what is loved by everyone.", "She is a very kind person where is loved by everyone.", ], correct: 0, explain: "先行詞が人なので who。which は物用。", }, ], }, speaking: { scenarios: [] }, writing: { prompts: [ { id: "summary", title: "本文の要約（50〜70語）", prompt: "Summarize Section 4 in about 50–70 English words. Include both \"komorebi\" and \"tsundoku\" and the writer's final advice.", hints: [ "komorebi と tsundoku の意味に触れる", "Learning English allows us to see the world in different ways.", "Something might be lost in translation.", ], sample: "The writer introduces two Japanese words. \"Komorebi\" means the sunlight that filters through the leaves of trees, and \"tsundoku\" means the habit of piling up books without reading them. Native Japanese speakers may not find these words special, but non-native speakers often do. Learning English allows us to see the world in different ways. Finally, the writer reminds us that something may be lost in translation.", }, { id: "own-word", title: "自分が紹介したい日本語（60〜80語）", prompt: "Like the writer, choose one Japanese word you would like to share with the world. Explain it in 60–80 English words. Try to use a which-clause or \"allow ... to do.\"", hints: [ "場面：いつ・どこで使う言葉か", "意味：直訳と本当の感じの違い", "理由：なぜその語を選んだのか", ], sample: "I would like to share a Japanese word which I find really interesting: \"natsukashii.\" It is a feeling we have when we see something from our childhood — an old song, a school picture, or a small toy. English has the word \"nostalgic,\" but \"natsukashii\" sounds warmer and happier. It allows us to enjoy our memories without sadness. I think it is a very gentle word.", }, { id: "advice", title: "翻訳との付き合い方（50〜80語）", prompt: "The writer gives a small piece of advice at the end. Write your own advice (50–80 words) about how to study English well. Use \"make sure ~\" at least once.", hints: [ "advice ＝ 助言・アドバイス", "本文の最終段の文型を真似してみる", "make sure (that) ~ の形を入れる", ], sample: "When you study English, make sure you do not always translate every word into Japanese. Translation is useful for checking your understanding, but it can also stop your brain from thinking in English. Try to guess the meaning from the situation first. Read English stories you enjoy, and listen to English songs or movies. Make sure you have fun with English. Then learning will continue for a long time.", }, ], }, }; window.L1_DATA = L1S4_DATA;