// Lesson 1 · Section 3 — Words Around the World // 教科書原文（Section 3 = paragraphs 11–16）を passage に保持し、 // 本文理解（readingMCQ）用に summary を別フィールドで持つ。 // Vocabulary は Lesson1_VocabCards.pdf "Section 3 Vocabulary" の語に同期。 const L1S3_DATA = { meta: { lesson: "Lesson 1", title: "Lost in Translation", section: "Section 3", subtitle: "Words Around the World", }, // ========= READING PASSAGE — 教科書本文（Scanning で表示） ========= passage: [ "Now, let us go beyond English and Japanese, and look at some of the world's other languages. According to some linguists, there are over 7,000 languages in the world, so what I'm going to show is just a tiny sample of words we can't translate easily into English or Japanese.", "Swedish offers an interesting example, as shown on Slide 1. This word means \"the restless beat of a traveler's heart before the journey begins; feelings of being nervous and excited.\"", "Here is an example from the Dutch language. Look at Slide 2. This word means \"cozy; a positive warm feeling you have when you are with loved ones.\" It's amazing that one word can describe this kind of feeling!", "Slide 3 shows an example from Finnish. This word means \"the distance a reindeer can comfortably travel before taking a break.\"", "Slide 4 shows an example from Arabic. This word means \"the amount of water that can be held in one hand.\"", "You may find it fascinating how different languages conceptualize the world in different ways. It seems there is no limit to what you can say in simple words.", ], // ========= READING SUMMARY — 本文理解 (MCQ) で表示する要約文 ========= summary: [ "The writer invites us to look beyond English and Japanese. Linguists say there are over 7,000 languages in the world, and the words shown in this section are only a tiny sample of those that cannot be translated easily.", "Swedish has a word for the restless feeling of a traveler's heart before a journey — a mix of being nervous and excited. Dutch has a word that means a cozy, warm, positive feeling shared with loved ones.", "Finnish has a word for the distance a reindeer can comfortably travel before taking a break, while Arabic has a word for the amount of water that can be held in one hand. Each word reflects daily life in that culture.", "The writer concludes that different languages conceptualize the world in different ways. There seems to be no limit to what people can express in simple words, and this is exactly what makes other languages fascinating.", ], // ========= LISTENING SCRIPTS ========= // すべて教科書語彙カード Section 3 の重要語を使用、Dictation は短く簡略化。 listening: { dictation: { title: "Dictation", instruction: "音声を聞いて、聞こえた文を書き取りましょう。全4文。", items: [ { audioLabel: "Track 1", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s3_dict_1) || "audio/s3_dict_1.mp3", answer: "There are over 7,000 languages in the world." }, { audioLabel: "Track 2", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s3_dict_2) || "audio/s3_dict_2.mp3", answer: "Linguists study a small sample of these languages." }, { audioLabel: "Track 3", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s3_dict_3) || "audio/s3_dict_3.mp3", answer: "The reindeer can travel comfortably before taking a break." }, { audioLabel: "Track 4", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s3_dict_4) || "audio/s3_dict_4.mp3", answer: "Different languages conceptualize the world in different ways." }, ], }, cloze: { title: "Listen & Fill in the Blanks", instruction: "音声を聞いて、空欄に入る語を書き入れよう。", script: [ { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s3_cloze_1) || "audio/s3_cloze_1.mp3", parts: ["Let's ", " English and Japanese, and look at other ", "."], answers: ["go beyond", "languages"] }, { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s3_cloze_2) || "audio/s3_cloze_2.mp3", parts: ["The kids got ", " during the long ", "."], answers: ["restless", "concert"] }, { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s3_cloze_3) || "audio/s3_cloze_3.mp3", parts: ["They live in a small but ", " ", "."], answers: ["cozy", "apartment"] }, { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s3_cloze_4) || "audio/s3_cloze_4.mp3", parts: ["A large ", " of water can be held in one ", "."], answers: ["amount", "hand"] }, ], }, }, // ========= READING — COMPREHENSION MCQ (要約文に基づく、難易度up) ========= readingMCQ: [ { q: "According to the writer, why are the words shown in this section only \"a tiny sample\"?", choices: [ "Because the writer only knows a few foreign languages.", "Because there are over 7,000 languages, and many words cannot be translated easily.", "Because the words are too simple to count as real translations.", "Because dictionaries do not include them.", ], correct: 1, explain: "段落 1：linguists によると世界には 7,000 以上の言語があり、その中で簡単には訳せない語のごく一部だけを紹介している。", }, { q: "Which feeling best describes the Swedish word introduced in the passage?", choices: [ "A calm and quiet feeling at the end of a journey.", "A boring feeling while waiting for someone.", "A nervous and excited feeling before the journey begins.", "A sad feeling when leaving home.", ], correct: 2, explain: "段落 2：\"the restless beat of a traveler's heart before the journey begins; feelings of being nervous and excited.\"", }, { q: "What do the Dutch and Finnish words have in common in this passage?", choices: [ "They both describe weather conditions.", "Each word captures a specific everyday experience that one English word cannot easily express.", "They are both used only in formal writing.", "They are both about travel by reindeer.", ], correct: 1, explain: "Dutch は「大切な人と過ごすほっこりした感覚」、Finnish は「トナカイが楽に進める距離」といずれも英語1語では表しにくい身近な体験。", }, { q: "Why does the writer probably mention four different languages instead of just one?", choices: [ "To show that all languages are basically the same.", "To prove that English is harder than other languages.", "To show that different languages capture the world in different ways.", "To suggest students should give up learning English.", ], correct: 2, explain: "結論段：\"how different languages conceptualize the world in different ways.\" — 多様な言語の捉え方を示すため。", }, { q: "What is the writer's main point in the last paragraph?", choices: [ "Simple words are not enough to describe the world.", "There seems to be no limit to what people can express in simple words.", "Translation always fails between languages.", "Only experts can understand foreign languages.", ], correct: 1, explain: "最終段：\"It seems there is no limit to what you can say in simple words.\" 多様な発想に驚きと敬意を示している。", }, ], // ========= READING — SCANNING (本文そのまま) ========= scanning: { instruction: "本文の中から、次の意味に合う語・句を探してスペルも正確に書きなさい。", items: [ { clue: "～を超えて行く", answer: "go beyond" }, { clue: "言語学者", answer: "linguists" }, { clue: "見本、サンプル", answer: "sample" }, { clue: "落ち着かない、そわそわした", answer: "restless" }, { clue: "（心臓の）鼓動", answer: "beat" }, { clue: "心地よい、居心地のよい", answer: "cozy" }, { clue: "驚くべき、すばらしい", answer: "amazing" }, { clue: "距離", answer: "distance" }, { clue: "（量を）心地よく", answer: "comfortably" }, { clue: "ひと休みする", answer: "take a break" }, ], }, // ========= VOCABULARY FLASHCARDS — VocabCards Section 3 に準拠 ========= vocab: [ { w: "go beyond ~", pos: "—", jp: "～を超えて行く", ex: "We have to go beyond that mountain." }, { w: "linguist", pos: "n.", jp: "言語学者", ex: "Linguists believe half of languages are in danger." }, { w: "sample", pos: "n.", jp: "見本、サンプル", ex: "Let me show you a small sample of opinions." }, { w: "as shown ~", pos: "—", jp: "～に示されているように", ex: "The number decreased by 20%, as shown below." }, { w: "slide", pos: "n.", jp: "（プレゼンの）スライド", ex: "I've been busy preparing slides for the presentation." }, { w: "restless", pos: "a.", jp: "落ち着かない、そわそわした", ex: "The kids got restless during the concert." }, { w: "beat", pos: "n.", jp: "（心臓の）鼓動、拍子", ex: "I felt the beat of the baby's heart." }, { w: "cozy", pos: "a.", jp: "心地よい、居心地のよい", ex: "They live in a small but cozy apartment." }, { w: "amazing", pos: "a.", jp: "驚くべき、すばらしい", ex: "The concert last night was just amazing!" }, { w: "distance", pos: "n.", jp: "距離", ex: "The distance to the station is ten minutes." }, { w: "reindeer", pos: "n.", jp: "トナカイ", ex: "Rudolph is the red-nosed reindeer." }, { w: "comfortably", pos: "adv.", jp: "心地よく、楽に", ex: "The cat is sleeping comfortably on the sofa." }, { w: "take a break", pos: "—", jp: "ひと休みする", ex: "We've worked three hours; let's take a break." }, { w: "amount", pos: "n.", jp: "量", ex: "A large amount of money will be spent." }, { w: "conceptualize", pos: "v.", jp: "概念化する、捉える", ex: "Philosophers conceptualized the world in various ways." }, { w: "in a ~ way", pos: "—", jp: "～な方法で", ex: "This box can be used in many ways." }, ], // ========= VOCAB QUIZ ========= vocabQuiz: [ { q: "linguist", choices: ["言語学者", "歌手", "翻訳機", "学校"], correct: 0 }, { q: "sample", choices: ["象徴", "見本", "教科書", "登場人物"], correct: 1 }, { q: "restless", choices: ["休みなく働く", "落ち着かない", "失礼な", "休息できる"], correct: 1 }, { q: "beat", choices: ["拍子・鼓動", "美しさ", "野獣", "敗北"], correct: 0 }, { q: "cozy", choices: ["寒い", "心地よい", "近い", "ぼんやりした"], correct: 1 }, { q: "amazing", choices: ["怒っている", "驚くべき", "落ち着いた", "学術的な"], correct: 1 }, { q: "distance", choices: ["距離", "違い", "範囲", "差別"], correct: 0 }, { q: "comfortably", choices: ["仕方なく", "心地よく", "公平に", "完全に"], correct: 1 }, { q: "amount", choices: ["量", "山", "周辺", "発表"], correct: 0 }, { q: "conceptualize", choices: ["懐疑的になる", "概念化する・捉える", "矛盾する", "確立する"], correct: 1 }, ], // ========= GRAMMAR — 関係代名詞 what / find + O + C ========= grammar: { points: [ { form: "関係代名詞 what：「～すること／～するもの」", meaning: "what は先行詞を含む関係代名詞。the thing(s) which / that に置き換えられる。文中で名詞のかたまり（節）を作り、主語・目的語・補語になる。", examples: [ "What I'm going to show is just a tiny sample.（これからお見せするのはほんの一例にすぎません）※本文より", "What he said is true.（彼が言ったことは本当だ）= The thing which he said is true.", "I don't understand what you mean.（あなたの言いたいことが分からない）", "There is no limit to what you can say in simple words.（簡単な言葉で言えることには限りがない）※本文より", ], }, { form: "what 節を使った頻出表現", meaning: "what is called ~（いわゆる～）／what we call ~（我々が～と呼ぶもの）／what is more（さらに）など。", examples: [ "He is what is called a genius.（彼はいわゆる天才だ）", "What we call wabi-sabi cannot be translated easily.（私たちがわびさびと呼ぶものは簡単には訳せない）", "She is kind, and what is more, very smart.（彼女は親切で、さらに賢い）", ], }, { form: "find + O + C（第5文型）：「O が C であると思う／分かる」", meaning: "C には形容詞・名詞・分詞などが入る。「実際に経験して／使ってみてそう感じる・分かる」というニュアンス。", examples: [ "You may find it fascinating how different languages conceptualize the world.（言語ごとに世界の捉え方が違うのは興味深いと思うかもしれない）※本文より、it は形式目的語", "I found the book interesting.（その本は面白いと思った）※C = 形容詞", "She found him a good listener.（彼が聞き上手だと分かった）※C = 名詞", "We found the door locked.（ドアが鍵がかかっていると分かった）※C = 過去分詞", ], }, ], exercises: [ { jp: "彼が私に言ったことは本当だ。", choices: [ "That he told me is true.", "Which he told me is true.", "What he told me is true.", "It he told me is true.", ], correct: 2, explain: "「～したこと」を表す主語の名詞節は関係代名詞 what で作る（先行詞を含む）。", }, { jp: "簡単な言葉で言えることには限りがない。", choices: [ "There is no limit to that you can say in simple words.", "There is no limit to which you can say in simple words.", "There is no limit to what you can say in simple words.", "There is no limit to how you can say in simple words.", ], correct: 2, explain: "前置詞 to の目的語となる名詞節は what。本文の最終段にも登場。", }, { jp: "私たちはその授業がとても面白いと思った。", choices: [ "We found the class very interesting.", "We found the class to interesting.", "We found interesting the class very.", "We found that the class interesting.", ], correct: 0, explain: "find + O + C（O = the class、C = very interesting）。形容詞をそのまま C に置く。", }, { jp: "言語ごとに世界の捉え方が違うのは興味深い。", choices: [ "You may find that fascinating how different languages conceptualize the world.", "You may find it fascinating how different languages conceptualize the world.", "You may find fascinating it how different languages conceptualize the world.", "You may find fascinating that how different languages conceptualize the world.", ], correct: 1, explain: "find + 形式目的語 it + C（fascinating）+ 真の目的語（how 節）。", }, { jp: "彼はいわゆる天才だ。", choices: [ "He is that is called a genius.", "He is which is called a genius.", "He is what is called a genius.", "He is who is called a genius.", ], correct: 2, explain: "what is called ~ で「いわゆる～」という決まった言い方。", }, ], }, // ========= SPEAKING — 削除（要望どおり Let's Try! に統合） ========= speaking: { scenarios: [] }, // ========= WRITING — 3 prompts ========= writing: { prompts: [ { id: "summary", title: "本文の要約（50〜70語）", prompt: "Summarize Section 3 in about 50–70 English words. Mention why the writer introduces words from four different languages.", hints: [ "冒頭：世界には 7,000 以上の言語があることに触れる", "中盤：4 つの言語の単語が表す体験（旅・温かさ・距離・水の量）に触れる", "結論：different languages conceptualize the world in different ways", ], sample: "The writer introduces four words from Swedish, Dutch, Finnish, and Arabic that cannot be easily translated. Each word captures a small but special part of daily life — the excitement before a journey, a cozy feeling with loved ones, the distance a reindeer can travel, or the amount of water in one hand. Different languages conceptualize the world in different ways, and this is what makes them fascinating.", }, { id: "favorite-word", title: "一番興味深い単語と理由（60〜80語）", prompt: "Of the four words from Swedish, Dutch, Finnish, and Arabic, which one do you find the most interesting? Explain why in 60–80 English words.", hints: [ "1 文目：I find the ___ word the most interesting. などで立場を示す", "2–3 文目：その語の意味を自分の言葉で説明", "残り：自分の経験や日本語に似た表現があるかなど、理由を具体的に", ], sample: "I find the Swedish word the most interesting. It describes the restless feeling in a traveler's heart before a journey starts — a mix of being nervous and excited. I have felt this many times before school trips, but I never had a single word for it. Japanese has expressions like \"wakuwaku\" or \"dokidoki,\" but none of them include the special feeling of \"before traveling.\" One short word in Swedish carries a whole story.", }, { id: "my-word", title: "自分の言語にしか無い単語を英語で説明（50〜80語）", prompt: "Choose one Japanese word about feelings, nature, or daily life that is hard to translate. Explain it to an English-speaking friend in 50–80 words. Try to use \"find + O + C\" or a what-clause at least once.", hints: [ "\"There is no exact English word for ___.\" で書き出すと書きやすい", "場面 (situation) → 感じ (feeling) → 直訳との違いの 3 段構成", "本文の文型「You may find it ___ how ~」「What we call ~」を真似してみよう", ], sample: "There is no exact English word for \"komorebi.\" It means the soft sunlight that filters through the leaves of trees. I find this scene very calming. When I walk in a park on a summer day and look up, I see small spots of light moving on the ground. English words like \"sunlight\" or \"sunbeam\" sound close, but they don't include the leaves or the quiet feeling. What we call komorebi is more than just light.", }, ], }, }; window.L1_DATA = L1S3_DATA;