// Lesson 1 · Section 2 — Wabi-Sabi: A Personal Experience // All text, scripts, questions live here. Imported before app.jsx. const L1S2_DATA = { meta: { lesson: "Lesson 1", title: "Lost in Translation", section: "Section 2", subtitle: "Wabi-Sabi — A Personal Experience", }, // ========= READING PASSAGE (Section 2 — reconstructed from teacher materials) ========= passage: [ "One Japanese word that I find attractive is 'wabi-sabi.' It is hard to translate, but it captures the essence of Japanese aesthetics.", "I consulted a dictionary, which defines wabi-sabi as 'a way of seeing the world that finds elegant beauty in simplicity.' The detailed explanation took several lines, but it was still difficult to understand without experiencing the aesthetic sense itself.", "Wabi-sabi is a complex concept. To get a sense of it, imagine sitting on a veranda and looking out at an old garden after the rain — quiet, simple, and somehow incomplete, yet beautiful.", "It is difficult, if not impossible, to express such an abstract idea in a single English word. There is no exact equivalent, so we need many words to explain just one Japanese feeling.", ], // ========= LISTENING SCRIPTS ========= // 各問題ごとに個別の音源ファイルを使用（差し替え・追加が容易） listening: { dictation: { title: "Dictation", instruction: "音声を聞いて、聞こえた文を書き取りましょう。全4文。", items: [ { audioLabel: "Track 1", audio: "audio/s2_dict_1.mp3", answer: "Wabi-sabi captures the essence of Japanese aesthetics." }, { audioLabel: "Track 2", audio: "audio/s2_dict_2.mp3", answer: "The dictionary defines it as a way of finding beauty in simplicity." }, { audioLabel: "Track 3", audio: "audio/s2_dict_3.mp3", answer: "It is difficult, if not impossible, to translate." }, { audioLabel: "Track 4", audio: "audio/s2_dict_4.mp3", answer: "There is no exact equivalent in English." }, ], }, cloze: { title: "Listen & Fill in the Blanks", instruction: "音声を聞いて、空欄に入る語を書き入れよう。", script: [ { audio: "audio/s2_cloze_1.mp3", parts: ["One Japanese word that I find ", " is wabi-sabi. It captures the ", " of Japanese aesthetics."], answers: ["attractive", "essence"] }, { audio: "audio/s2_cloze_2.mp3", parts: ["I ", " a dictionary, which ", " wabi-sabi as a way of seeing the world."], answers: ["consulted", "defines"] }, { audio: "audio/s2_cloze_3.mp3", parts: ["It finds elegant beauty in ", ", but the ", " explanation is hard to understand."], answers: ["simplicity", "detailed"] }, { audio: "audio/s2_cloze_4.mp3", parts: ["It is difficult, if not ", ", to find an English ", "."], answers: ["impossible", "equivalent"] }, ], }, }, // ========= READING — COMPREHENSION MCQ ========= readingMCQ: [ { q: "What does the writer say about the word 'wabi-sabi'?", choices: [ "It is easy to translate into English.", "It is attractive but hard to translate.", "It is a word only used in dictionaries.", "It has many different meanings in Japan.", ], correct: 1, explain: "段落 1：\"I find attractive\" / \"hard to translate\" の両方が示されている。", }, { q: "How does the dictionary define wabi-sabi?", choices: [ "A traditional Japanese garden style.", "A type of Japanese poetry.", "A way of seeing the world that finds beauty in simplicity.", "A historical period of Japanese art.", ], correct: 2, explain: "段落 2：\"a way of seeing the world that finds elegant beauty in simplicity\"", }, { q: "Why is the dictionary's explanation still not enough?", choices: [ "Because the dictionary uses old English.", "Because the explanation is too short.", "Because the aesthetic sense must be experienced.", "Because Japanese people don't agree on the meaning.", ], correct: 2, explain: "段落 2：\"difficult to understand without experiencing the aesthetic sense itself\"", }, { q: "What image does the writer use to help readers feel wabi-sabi?", choices: [ "A busy street in Tokyo.", "A veranda looking out at an old garden after the rain.", "A new building in the city.", "A festival with many people.", ], correct: 1, explain: "段落 3：\"sitting on a veranda and looking out at an old garden after the rain\"", }, { q: "What does the writer conclude about translating wabi-sabi?", choices: [ "It is easy if you know many English words.", "There is an exact English equivalent.", "It is difficult, if not impossible, to express in one English word.", "Only experts can translate it correctly.", ], correct: 2, explain: "段落 4：\"It is difficult, if not impossible, to express such an abstract idea in a single English word.\"", }, ], // ========= READING — SCANNING ========= scanning: { instruction: "本文の中から、次の意味に合う語・句を探してスペルも正確に書きなさい。", items: [ { clue: "魅力的な", answer: "attractive" }, { clue: "本質、神髄", answer: "essence" }, { clue: "上品な、優雅な", answer: "elegant" }, { clue: "簡潔さ、簡素さ", answer: "simplicity" }, { clue: "詳細な", answer: "detailed" }, { clue: "美的な", answer: "aesthetic" }, { clue: "概念", answer: "concept" }, { clue: "抽象的な", answer: "abstract" }, { clue: "同等のもの", answer: "equivalent" }, { clue: "不可能ではないにしても", answer: "if not impossible" }, ], }, // ========= VOCABULARY FLASHCARDS ========= vocab: [ { w: "attractive", pos: "a.", jp: "魅力的な", ex: "The shrine looked attractive to the visitors." }, { w: "essence", pos: "n.", jp: "本質、神髄", ex: "Communication is the essence of learning a language." }, { w: "consult", pos: "v.", jp: "～に相談する、参照する", ex: "The teacher told us to consult a dictionary." }, { w: "define ~ as …", pos: "—", jp: "～を…と定義する", ex: "The dictionary defines \"school\" as \"a place for learning.\"" }, { w: "elegant", pos: "a.", jp: "上品な、優雅な", ex: "The couple had dinner at an elegant restaurant." }, { w: "simplicity", pos: "n.", jp: "簡潔さ、簡素さ", ex: "I was fooled by the apparent simplicity of the question." }, { w: "detailed", pos: "a.", jp: "詳細な", ex: "More detailed analysis is needed to reach a conclusion." }, { w: "explanation", pos: "n.", jp: "説明", ex: "The explanation isn't quite convincing." }, { w: "aesthetic", pos: "a.", jp: "美的な", ex: "The chair has aesthetic beauty but is also functional." }, { w: "a sense of ~", pos: "—", jp: "～の感覚", ex: "She has a sense of humor." }, { w: "concept", pos: "n.", jp: "概念", ex: "The book introduces a new concept." }, { w: "complex", pos: "a.", jp: "複雑な", ex: "The work requires a highly complex procedure." }, { w: "veranda", pos: "n.", jp: "ベランダ、縁側", ex: "The house has an open veranda." }, { w: "look out at ~", pos: "—", jp: "～を眺める", ex: "He looked out at the ocean." }, { w: "if not impossible", pos: "—", jp: "不可能ではないにしても", ex: "It is difficult, if not impossible, to make him agree." }, { w: "abstract", pos: "a.", jp: "抽象的な", ex: "Love is an abstract concept." }, { w: "equivalent", pos: "a./n.", jp: "同等の、相当するもの", ex: "These two expressions are virtually equivalent in meaning." }, ], // ========= VOCAB QUIZ ========= vocabQuiz: [ { q: "essence", choices: ["本質", "香水", "実験", "緊急性"], correct: 0 }, { q: "attractive", choices: ["魅力的な", "活動的な", "効果的な", "感情的な"], correct: 0 }, { q: "consult", choices: ["建設する", "～に相談する・参照する", "結論づける", "確認する"], correct: 1 }, { q: "elegant", choices: ["上品な", "電気の", "緊急の", "巨大な"], correct: 0 }, { q: "simplicity", choices: ["類似性", "簡潔さ", "誠実さ", "素直さ"], correct: 1 }, { q: "aesthetic", choices: ["運動的な", "美的な", "民族的な", "経済的な"], correct: 1 }, { q: "concept", choices: ["概念", "矛盾", "結論", "競争"], correct: 0 }, { q: "abstract", choices: ["絶対的な", "抽象的な", "魅力的な", "予期せぬ"], correct: 1 }, { q: "equivalent", choices: ["同等のもの", "出来事", "経験", "例外"], correct: 0 }, { q: "if not impossible", choices: ["決して不可能でない", "不可能ではないにしても", "もし可能でないなら", "非現実的でないなら"], correct: 1 }, ], // ========= GRAMMAR — 動名詞の受け身 / 不定詞の意味上の主語 ========= grammar: { points: [ { form: "being + 過去分詞（動名詞の受け身）", meaning: "「〜されること」を表す動名詞の受け身形。動詞や前置詞の目的語として使う。", examples: [ "He doesn't like being treated as a child.（彼は子供扱いされるのが嫌だ）", "She is proud of being chosen as the leader.（彼女はリーダーに選ばれたことを誇りに思う）", "Wabi-sabi resists being translated into a single word.（わびさびは一語に訳されるのを拒む）", ], }, { form: "for + 人 + to + 動詞の原形（不定詞の意味上の主語）", meaning: "不定詞の動作を「誰が」するかを示す。「人にとって〜することは…」", examples: [ "It is difficult for me to explain wabi-sabi.（わびさびを説明するのは私にとって難しい）", "It is important for students to learn other cultures.（生徒が他文化を学ぶことは重要だ）", "It took years for him to master the art.（彼がその技を習得するのに数年かかった）", ], }, { form: "of + 人 + to + 動詞の原形（人の性質を述べる場合）", meaning: "kind / nice / careless など人の性質を表す形容詞では of を使う。", examples: [ "It is kind of you to help me.（手伝ってくれるなんて親切ですね）", "It was careless of him to forget the key.（鍵を忘れるなんて彼は不注意だった）", ], }, ], exercises: [ { jp: "彼女は人前で笑われることが嫌いだ。", choices: [ "She doesn't like to laugh at in public.", "She doesn't like being laughed at in public.", "She doesn't like laughing at in public.", "She doesn't like being laughing at in public.", ], correct: 1, explain: "動名詞の受け身は being + 過去分詞。laugh at ~ で他動詞句のように扱い、at を残す。", }, { jp: "彼は仲間外れにされることを恐れている。", choices: [ "He is afraid of being left out.", "He is afraid of leaving out.", "He is afraid of to be left out.", "He is afraid of be left out.", ], correct: 0, explain: "前置詞 of の後ろは動名詞。受け身は being + 過去分詞 = being left out。", }, { jp: "わびさびを一語で訳すのは私たちにとって難しい。", choices: [ "It is difficult of us to translate wabi-sabi in one word.", "It is difficult to us to translate wabi-sabi in one word.", "It is difficult for us to translate wabi-sabi in one word.", "It is difficult that we translate wabi-sabi in one word.", ], correct: 2, explain: "難しさ・容易さは形容詞の性質ではないので for を使う：It is difficult for 人 to do ~。", }, { jp: "そう言ってくれるなんて、あなたは親切ですね。", choices: [ "It is kind for you to say so.", "It is kind of you to say so.", "It is kind that you to say so.", "It is kindly you to say so.", ], correct: 1, explain: "kind は人の性質を表すので of + 人 を使う。", }, { jp: "その本がたくさんの人に読まれていることを彼は誇りに思っている。", choices: [ "He is proud of his book reading by many people.", "He is proud of his book to be read by many people.", "He is proud of his book being read by many people.", "He is proud of his book read by many people.", ], correct: 2, explain: "動名詞句の意味上の主語（his book）+ 動名詞の受け身（being read）。", }, ], }, // ========= SPEAKING — role play ========= speaking: { scenarios: [ { title: "海外の友人に『わびさび』を説明する", context: "美術部の交流会で出会った留学生の Sophie が、日本の茶碗を見て『これは何が美しいの？』と聞いてきた。あなたはわびさびの考え方を伝えたい。", yourRole: "You (日本人の高校生)", partnerRole: "Sophie (英語話者の留学生)", sampleScript: [ { who: "Sophie", line: "This bowl looks old and a little broken. Why is it beautiful?" }, { who: "You", line: "Hmm, it's hard to explain. We have a word for it — 'wabi-sabi.'" }, { who: "You", line: "It's a way of finding beauty in things that are simple, old, or even imperfect." }, { who: "Sophie", line: "So old and broken things can be beautiful?" }, { who: "You", line: "Yes. We feel that nothing lasts forever, and that quietness has its own beauty. There is no exact English word for it." }, ], }, { title: "ホストファミリーに『木漏れ日』を説明する", context: "ホームステイ中、ホストファザーと公園を散歩していると、木の間から差す光がきれいだった。あなたは思わず『木漏れ日』とつぶやいた。", yourRole: "You", partnerRole: "Host father", sampleScript: [ { who: "Host", line: "What did you just say? 'Komorebi'?" }, { who: "You", line: "Yes. There is no single English word for it." }, { who: "You", line: "It means the sunlight filtering through the leaves of trees. We have a word just for that scene." }, { who: "Host", line: "Wow, that's a beautiful idea. Do you have many words like that?" }, { who: "You", line: "Yes. Japanese has many words for small, quiet moments in nature." }, ], }, { title: "海外の読書好きに『積ん読』を説明する", context: "SNSで知り合った海外の読書好き Liam が、机に積まれた本の写真を載せて『これは何ていうの？』と聞いてきた。", yourRole: "You", partnerRole: "Liam", sampleScript: [ { who: "Liam", line: "I have so many unread books on my desk. Is there a Japanese word for this?" }, { who: "You", line: "Yes! We call it 'tsundoku.'" }, { who: "You", line: "It means buying books and piling them up without reading them." }, { who: "Liam", line: "Haha, that's exactly me. Is it a bad thing?" }, { who: "You", line: "Not really. The author Ella Sanders said the books deserve to be read, but it's a friendly word — many readers love it." }, ], }, ], }, // ========= WRITING — prompts ========= writing: { prompts: [ { id: "summary", title: "本文の要約（50〜70語）", prompt: "Summarize Section 2 in about 50–70 English words. Include why wabi-sabi is hard to translate.", hints: [ "冒頭で wabi-sabi が attractive but hard to translate であることを述べる", "辞書の定義（finding beauty in simplicity）と、それでも理解が難しい理由", "結論：difficult, if not impossible, to find an exact English equivalent", ], sample: "The writer finds the Japanese word 'wabi-sabi' attractive but hard to translate. A dictionary defines it as a way of seeing the world that finds elegant beauty in simplicity. However, the detailed explanation is still difficult to understand without experiencing the aesthetic sense. The writer compares it to looking out at an old garden after the rain. It is difficult, if not impossible, to express this abstract idea in a single English word.", }, { id: "opinion", title: "自分の考え（60〜80語）", prompt: "Do you agree that some Japanese aesthetic ideas like wabi-sabi cannot be translated into one English word? Share your view with an example. 60–80 words.", hints: [ "立場を 1 文で（agree / partly agree / disagree）", "経験や具体例（自分が説明に困った日本語）を 2–3 文", "結論を 1 文で", ], sample: "I agree that some Japanese ideas cannot be translated in one word. Once I tried to explain 'mono no aware' to my pen pal in Australia. I said it means 'a quiet sadness about things,' but he said it sounded like 'sadness.' I had to add more words about the changing seasons and the feeling of beauty. One short word in Japanese sometimes carries a long story behind it.", }, { id: "my-word", title: "お気に入りの『翻訳できない日本語』を英語で説明", prompt: "Choose one Japanese word about feelings, nature, or daily life that is hard to translate. Explain it to an English-speaking friend in 50–80 words.", hints: [ "\"There is no exact English word for…\" で始めると書きやすい", "場面 (situation) → 感じ (feeling) → 直訳との違いの 3 段構成", "Section 2 の文型 \"It is difficult for ~ to …\" や \"if not impossible\" を使ってみよう", ], sample: "There is no exact English word for 'komorebi.' It means the sunlight that filters through the leaves of trees. For example, when I walk through a forest in summer, the light moves softly on the ground. English words like 'sunlight' or 'sunbeam' are close, but they don't include the leaves and the feeling of quietness. It is difficult, if not impossible, to capture 'komorebi' in just one English word.", }, ], }, }; window.L1_DATA = L1S2_DATA;