// Lesson 1 · Section 1 — Translation Challenge const L1S1_DATA = { meta: { lesson: "Lesson 1", title: "Lost in Translation", section: "Section 1", subtitle: "Translation Challenge", }, passage: [ "You find yourself wanting to say something in English. However, the words just don't come into your mind. You want to say \"Mata ashita\" in English, but you don't know how. You want to be understood completely. What do you do? Well, you may simply ask your bilingual friend, \"How do you say 'Mata ashita' in English?\" She will answer, \"See you tomorrow.\" The problem is solved.", "The expression \"How do you say ... in English?\" is so useful that you may want to use it every time you are at a loss for words. There's nothing wrong with that, but the assumption behind this question could be wrong. Japanese expressions may not always have exactly corresponding expressions in English. And the same is true for English. English expressions may not have exactly corresponding expressions in Japanese. As you will see, translation sometimes fails.", ], summary: [ "When you want to say something in English but the words don't come to mind, you may ask a bilingual friend, \"How do you say ... in English?\" This question is useful, and it often solves the problem quickly.", "However, the assumption behind the question may be wrong. Japanese expressions do not always have exactly corresponding English expressions, and the same is true the other way around. The writer suggests that translation sometimes fails.", ], listening: { dictation: { title: "Dictation", instruction: "音声を聞いて、聞こえた文を書き取りましょう。全4文。", items: [ { audioLabel: "Track 1", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s1_dict_1) || "audio/s1_dict_1.mp3", answer: "Translation is sometimes very difficult." }, { audioLabel: "Track 2", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s1_dict_2) || "audio/s1_dict_2.mp3", answer: "The professor gave us a warning about study." }, { audioLabel: "Track 3", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s1_dict_3) || "audio/s1_dict_3.mp3", answer: "My bilingual friend can speak two languages." }, { audioLabel: "Track 4", audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s1_dict_4) || "audio/s1_dict_4.mp3", answer: "I was at a loss for words during the speech." }, ], }, cloze: { title: "Listen & Fill in the Blanks", instruction: "音声を聞いて、空欄に入る語を書き入れよう。", script: [ { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s1_cloze_1) || "audio/s1_cloze_1.mp3", parts: ["You may be ", " to ", " English into Japanese."], answers: ["tempted", "translate"] }, { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s1_cloze_2) || "audio/s1_cloze_2.mp3", parts: ["The good idea suddenly came into my ", " ", "."], answers: ["mind", "completely"] }, { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s1_cloze_3) || "audio/s1_cloze_3.mp3", parts: ["I tried to find the right ", " every ", "."], answers: ["expression", "time"] }, { audio: (window.__resources && window.__resources.s1_cloze_4) || "audio/s1_cloze_4.mp3", parts: ["The initial ", " was found to be ", "."], answers: ["assumption", "wrong"] }, ], }, }, readingMCQ: [ { q: "Why does the writer first introduce the expression \"How do you say ... in English?\"", choices: [ "Because it is the only way to learn English vocabulary.", "Because it is a quick and useful way to solve a problem when you can't find the English word.", "Because bilingual friends always reject this question.", "Because Japanese teachers recommend it for tests.", ], correct: 1, explain: "段落 1：単語が出てこない時に bilingual friend に聞くと解決する場面が紹介されている。", }, { q: "What does the writer say is the \"assumption behind\" the question \"How do you say ... in English?\"", choices: [ "That every Japanese word always has an exactly corresponding English word.", "That English is harder than Japanese.", "That bilingual friends always know the answer.", "That dictionaries are unreliable.", ], correct: 0, explain: "段落 2：質問の前提は「日本語の表現には必ず対応する英語があるはず」というもの。", }, { q: "According to the passage, which statement is true?", choices: [ "Japanese expressions always have exactly corresponding English expressions.", "English expressions always have exactly corresponding Japanese expressions.", "Both Japanese and English sometimes lack exactly corresponding expressions in the other language.", "Translation never fails between Japanese and English.", ], correct: 2, explain: "段落 2：日本語→英語、英語→日本語の双方向で対応表現が無いことがある。", }, { q: "What does the underlined word \"assumption\" most likely mean?", choices: [ "A question asked in class.", "Something that is believed to be true without proof.", "An official rule for translation.", "A type of dictionary.", ], correct: 1, explain: "assumption ＝ 証拠なく当然と思い込んでいること。", }, { q: "What is the writer's main message in this section?", choices: [ "Always rely on bilingual friends.", "Translation is easy if you study hard.", "Translation sometimes fails because not every expression has an exact match in another language.", "Japanese is more difficult than English.", ], correct: 2, explain: "結論：\"As you will see, translation sometimes fails.\"", }, ], scanning: { instruction: "本文の中から、次の意味に合う語・句を探してスペルも正確に書きなさい。", items: [ { clue: "完全に", answer: "completely" }, { clue: "バイリンガルの、2言語話者の", answer: "bilingual" }, { clue: "表現", answer: "expression" }, { clue: "～するたびに", answer: "every time" }, { clue: "言葉に詰まる", answer: "at a loss for words" }, { clue: "仮定、思い込み", answer: "assumption" }, { clue: "対応する", answer: "corresponding" }, { clue: "～にも当てはまる", answer: "be true for" }, { clue: "翻訳する", answer: "translate" }, { clue: "失敗する", answer: "fails" }, ], }, vocab: [ { w: "translation", pos: "n.", jp: "翻訳", ex: "I've read the novel in translation." }, { w: "tempt", pos: "v.", jp: "～する気にさせる、誘惑する", ex: "The TV program tempted us to eat hamburgers." }, { w: "be tempted to ~", pos: "—", jp: "～したい気になる", ex: "I was tempted to visit the lake." }, { w: "translate ~ into ...", pos: "—", jp: "～を…に翻訳する", ex: "Can you help me translate this song into English?" }, { w: "professor", pos: "n.", jp: "教授", ex: "Jane Lewis is a professor of economics." }, { w: "warning", pos: "n.", jp: "警告", ex: "You can see a health warning on cigarette packs." }, { w: "~ come into one's mind", pos: "—", jp: "～が頭に浮かぶ", ex: "The idea suddenly came into my mind." }, { w: "completely", pos: "adv.", jp: "完全に", ex: "I completely agree with you." }, { w: "bilingual", pos: "a.", jp: "バイリンガルの", ex: "My cousin is bilingual in French and Japanese." }, { w: "expression", pos: "n.", jp: "表現", ex: "I tried to find the right expression." }, { w: "every time ~", pos: "—", jp: "～するたびに", ex: "I checked my phone every time a message came in." }, { w: "loss", pos: "n.", jp: "失うこと、損失", ex: "The loss of her pet made her sad." }, { w: "be at a loss for words", pos: "—", jp: "言葉に詰まる", ex: "When I saw the garden, I was at a loss for words." }, { w: "assumption", pos: "n.", jp: "仮定、思い込み", ex: "The initial assumption was found to be wrong." }, { w: "corresponding", pos: "a.", jp: "対応する", ex: "We should have duties corresponding to our abilities." }, { w: "be true for ~", pos: "—", jp: "～にも当てはまる", ex: "What is written here is not true for every case." }, ], vocabQuiz: [ { q: "translation", choices: ["翻訳", "発表", "輸入", "話題"], correct: 0 }, { q: "tempt", choices: ["～する気にさせる", "試験する", "急ぐ", "拒否する"], correct: 0 }, { q: "professor", choices: ["教授", "事務員", "見学者", "司会者"], correct: 0 }, { q: "warning", choices: ["祝福", "警告", "歓迎", "報告"], correct: 1 }, { q: "completely", choices: ["部分的に", "完全に", "明らかに", "適度に"], correct: 1 }, { q: "bilingual", choices: ["多忙な", "バイリンガルの", "対話的な", "教育的な"], correct: 1 }, { q: "expression", choices: ["印象", "表現", "発見", "圧力"], correct: 1 }, { q: "loss", choices: ["失うこと", "勝利", "発射", "上昇"], correct: 0 }, { q: "assumption", choices: ["仮定", "結論", "保証", "賞賛"], correct: 0 }, { q: "corresponding", choices: ["対応する", "正解の", "競合する", "破損した"], correct: 0 }, ], grammar: { points: [ { form: "It is so ~ that ... 構文：「とても～なので…」", meaning: "原因と結果を結ぶ重要構文。so + 形容詞/副詞 + that + S V の語順。", examples: [ "The expression \"How do you say ... in English?\" is so useful that you may want to use it every time.（とても便利なので、毎回使いたくなる）※本文より", "He was so tired that he fell asleep right away.（彼はとても疲れていたのですぐ眠った）", "The problem is so difficult that nobody can solve it.（難しすぎて誰も解けない）", ], }, { form: "現在分詞を使った付帯状況・進行的説明", meaning: "find oneself doing（～していることに気づく）、be ~ing（進行）など、動詞 -ing を使って状態や動作を表す。", examples: [ "You find yourself wanting to say something in English.（あなたは英語で何かを言いたいと思っている自分に気づく）※本文より", "I found myself smiling.（私は気づくと微笑んでいた）", "The words just don't come into your mind.（言葉が頭に浮かんでこない）", ], }, { form: "may + 動詞の原形：「～かもしれない／～してもよい」", meaning: "可能性や許可を表す助動詞。本文では「～かもしれない」の意味で多用される。", examples: [ "You may simply ask your bilingual friend.（あなたはバイリンガルの友達に聞けばいい）※本文より", "Japanese expressions may not always have corresponding English ones.（必ずしも対応する英語表現があるとは限らない）※本文より", "It may rain tomorrow.（明日は雨かもしれない）", ], }, ], exercises: [ { jp: "その本はとても面白かったので、一晩で読み終えた。", choices: [ "The book was so interesting that I finished it in one night.", "The book was such interesting that I finished it in one night.", "The book was so interesting as I finished it in one night.", "The book was so interesting because I finished it in one night.", ], correct: 0, explain: "so + 形容詞 + that + 結果。", }, { jp: "私は気づくと一人で歌を歌っていた。", choices: [ "I found me singing alone.", "I found myself sing alone.", "I found myself singing alone.", "I found myself sang alone.", ], correct: 2, explain: "find oneself + doing（～していることに気づく）。", }, { jp: "明日は雪が降るかもしれない。", choices: [ "It may snowing tomorrow.", "It may snow tomorrow.", "It may to snow tomorrow.", "It may snowed tomorrow.", ], correct: 1, explain: "may の後は動詞の原形。", }, { jp: "彼女はとても親切だったので、みんなが彼女を好きだった。", choices: [ "She was so kind that everyone liked her.", "She was so kind because everyone liked her.", "She was such kind that everyone liked her.", "She was kind so that everyone liked her.", ], correct: 0, explain: "so + 形容詞 + that 節。", }, { jp: "言葉が頭に浮かんでこなかった。", choices: [ "The words just didn't come into my mind.", "The words just didn't come at my mind.", "The words just didn't come on my mind.", "The words just didn't come for my mind.", ], correct: 0, explain: "come into one's mind（頭に浮かぶ）。", }, ], }, speaking: { scenarios: [] }, writing: { prompts: [ { id: "summary", title: "本文の要約（50〜70語）", prompt: "Summarize Section 1 in about 50–70 English words. Mention why translation sometimes fails.", hints: [ "冒頭：英語で言いたいことが出てこない場面を描く", "中盤：bilingual friend に聞くと解決することが多い", "結論：しかし日英の表現が常に1対1で対応するわけではない", ], sample: "Sometimes you want to say something in English, but the words don't come into your mind. You may ask a bilingual friend, \"How do you say ... in English?\" This is a useful expression, and it often solves the problem. However, Japanese expressions do not always have exactly corresponding English ones, and the same is true the other way around. Translation sometimes fails.", }, { id: "experience", title: "自分の経験（60〜80語）", prompt: "Write about a time when you were \"at a loss for words\" in English or Japanese. Use 60–80 words.", hints: [ "場面：いつ・どこで・誰と話していたか", "言いたかったこと、出てこなかった言葉", "結果どうしたか、何を学んだか", ], sample: "Last summer, I met an exchange student from Canada at our school festival. She asked me about \"omotenashi\" in Japanese culture. I was at a loss for words because the word includes many feelings — kindness, respect, and silence. I finally said, \"It's like deep hospitality from the heart.\" She smiled, but I felt my English was not enough. Now I understand that translation sometimes fails.", }, { id: "japanese-word", title: "翻訳しにくい日本語を英語で紹介（50〜80語）", prompt: "Choose one Japanese expression (e.g. お疲れ様, いただきます) and explain it in English in 50–80 words. Use \"so ~ that ...\" or \"may\" at least once.", hints: [ "場面 → 直訳 → なぜそれだけでは足りないか", "本文の \"may\" や \"so ... that ...\" 構文を真似してみよう", ], sample: "In Japan, we often say \"otsukaresama\" to coworkers and classmates. It may be translated as \"You must be tired,\" but the meaning is much warmer. It shows respect and thanks for someone's effort. The word is so common that we use it many times a day, after work, after sports, or even after a meeting. There is no single English word that carries all of these feelings.", }, ], }, }; window.L1_DATA = L1S1_DATA;